ABSTRACT: Commercial swab transport systems are used for collection and transporting of fecal and other microbiological samples. This system must maintain viability and contribute to survival of microorganisms during transport to the laboratory. Four swab transport systems have been compared, eSwab, ?- Transwab and fecalSwab, all three with flocked swabs, and Copan Venturi Transystem with rayon swabs. The study followed the recommendations from the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute; document M40-A for recovery of Samonella, Shigella, Yersinia and Neisseria gonorrhoeae after storage for 0, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h at room- (22-25°C) and refrigerated (2-8ºC) temperature.

ABSTRACT: Commercial swab transport systems are used for collection and transporting of fecal and other microbiological samples. This system must maintain viability and contribute to survival of microorganisms during transport to the laboratory. Four swab transport systems have been compared, eSwab, ?- Transwab and fecalSwab, all three with flocked swabs, and Copan Venturi Transystem with rayon swabs. The study followed the recommendations from the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute; document M40-A for recovery of Samonella, Shigella, Yersinia and Neisseria gonorrhoeae after storage for 0, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h at room- (22-25°C) and refrigerated (2-8ºC) temperature.

Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att analysera risken att smittas per resnatt av sjukdomarna campylobacter-, giardia-, salmonella- och shigellainfektion vid utlandsresor. Det huvudsakliga målet är att undersöka hur risken skiljer sig mellan olika resmål. Ett annat mål är att undersöka hur risken förändras över tid, över årstid och hur risken skiljer sig beroende på resenärens kön och ålder.För att kunna genomföra detta används två databaser. Information om svenskars resvanor för åren 1997 till 2009 finns i den urvalsbaserade databasen TDB (svenska rese- och turistdatabasen). Information om sjukdomsfall med Campylobacter, Giardia, Salmonella och Shigella för samma tidsperiod finns i Smittskyddsinstitutets övervakningssystem SmiNet.För att kunna avgöra hur förklaringsvariablerna påverkar sannolikheten att smittas används en generaliserad linjär modell.

Flera stora utbrott med kontaminerade grönsaker har skett under de senaste åren, många människor har blivit sjuka och till och med dött efter att ha ätit färska grönsaker. Denna studie undersöker bevattningsvattnet som en faktor till dessa utbrott. Det finns olika bakterier som kan förekomma i bevattningsvattnet Campylobacter, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Escherichia coli (E.coli) och Listeria är exempel som behandlas i detta arbete. Litteraturundersökningen fokuserar på hur bakterier kan spridas, olika kontamineringsrisker, rekommenderade gränsvärden för hur mycket bakterier det får finnas i bevattningsvattnet samt produkter som kan vara särskilt utsatta för en kontamination. I den experimentella delen undersöks hur mängden E.coli förändras med tiden på spenat.

This report is the result of a project in the course Independent Projekt in Molecular Biotechnology at Uppsala University during the spring of 2014. The foremost purpose of the course is to give students the opportunity to carry through exstensive work in a project environment. This project was formed based on a comission from the biotechnology company SweTree Technologies, and the goal has been to compose a summary of the different techniques and methods that exist in the field of mass propagation of trees through the method of somatic embryogenesis.The project group has obtained information about the area mainly throgh reading patents, trying to find key components and bottlenecks in other companies? somatic embryogenesis technologies. This paper is divided into different sections, containing the patents of the automation of different steps in the process.

This study was conducted at the City Abattoir in Kampala, Uganda to evaluate the cleaning process, with focus on bacterial pathogens, in a pilot scale integrated bioprocess. This consisted of four steps: anaerobic sequencing batch reactors; aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactors; a high performance temperature controlled methanogenesis digester and a constructed wetland. The objective was to determine if this type of cleaning process could be used to clean wastewater from abattoirs in a satisfactory way. The indicator organisms for faecal contamination, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were used to investigate in what numbers bacteria could be found in the untreated wastewater and how much that was reduced in the different steps of the cleaning process. The water was analysed for Salmonella to see if human pathogens could be found and could survive the different steps of the treatment process.